Selecting of the most appropriate technology among the available technology options is one the most important decisions that is made in the firm. Also, it is very important for the buyer and the supplier to be corresponding in selecting the most appropriate technology which is compatible with the needs of customer. Based on these issues, in this paper with regard to the role of buyer-supplier relationship in technology selection phase, attempt has been made to propose a goal programming model for the situation that as a result of some change in customer request, both buyer and supplier have to select and implement new technology. In this model, we try to achieve three goals in three priorities and through these goals, the firms’ requirements and limitations are considered and also the importance of similarities in main functions of tow technologies is emphasized. Finally, through selecting two corresponding technologies with similar functioning, the model prevents wrong investment in options which may create unused capacities.

Introduction and Objective: The most important factor limiting plant growth in rainfed conditions is water, and since most of the land in Iran is located in arid and semi-arid regions, determining the relative drought tolerance in crops is of particular importance. By evaluating the genotypes of each plant that are able to provide relatively acceptable yield under low water conditions, they can be grown with more confidence in arid and semi-arid regions. Material and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and selection of drought tolerant genotype in barley, 15 different genotypes under two conditions of normal irrigation and rainfed conditions in randomized complete block design with four replications in 2020-2021 in Khairabad and Khodabandeh research stations Of Zanjan province were studied. Results: The results of combined analysis showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes in terms of grain yield between normal irrigation and rainfed conditions and rainfed conditions reduced grain yield by more than 50% compared to normal irrigation conditions. Under normal irrigation conditions, the highest yields belonged to G3, G10 and G11 genotypes, respectively, and under rainfed conditions, despite the lack of significant differences between genotypes, the highest yields belonged to G3, G6 and G2 genotypes, respectively. There was a significant difference between the studied genotypes in terms of all quantitative indices of drought tolerance (except YI and SNPI) as well as yield under stress. Correlation analysis of indices with yield under normal irrigation and rainfed conditions showed that there was a significant correlation between MP, STI, GMP, MSTI2, HM and RDY indices with yield under normal irrigation and rainfed conditions. Correlation of indices with yield under normal irrigation and rainfed conditions showed that there was a significant correlation between MP, STI, GMP, MSTI2, HM and RDY indices with yield under normal irrigation and rainfed conditions. Principal component analysis based on indices showed that the first component and second components explain 79.95% and 14.049% of the total changes. The bioplate diagram of the components showed that genotypes G1, G2, G3, G9, G10, G11, G12 and G13 were in the positive part of the first component diagram and these genotypes had good adaptation in normal irrigation conditions. Among these genotypes, G2, G3 and G13 genotypes were in the positive part of the second component diagram, so these genotypes can be introduced as high-yield genotypes in both irrigated and rainfed conditions. Cluster analysis showed that G1, G2, G3, G9, G10 and G11 genotypes were in the same group and these genotypes can be considered as drought tolerant genotypes in terms of calculated indices. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between MP, STI, GMP, MSTI2, HM and RDY indices calculated with yield under normal irrigation and rainfed conditions. Therefore, these indices can be used to select stress-tolerant genotypes. Grouping of barley genotypes based on calculated quantitative and qualitative indices showed that G2, G3 and G13 genotypes were identified as superior genotypes in full irrigation conditions and the most tolerant barley genotypes to low water stress.

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

Materials and Methods: In male rat 20 microgram/ml crocin injected Intraperitoneally and after 2 month semen analysis carried out. In female rat 20 mg/ml oxalate have injected Intraperitoneal. ovulation time determind and female rat allowed for mating, after 3 weak sex determination carried out in offsprig.Results: In experiment male rat spermatogenesis increased significantly. In experimental female rat cervical ph raised. We observed that 89℅of offspring were male and 11% were female.

Both yield and stability of yield should be considered Simultaneously in order to reduce effect of genotype × environment interaction and to make selection of genotypes more precise and effective. One applied method is Simultaneous selection for yield and stability (YS__i). The objective of this study was to utilize YS__i statistic in cultivar selection and compare the results with other statistics such as S2__i, CV__i, S2__di and R2__i, Twelve foreign corn hybrids with two Iranian check hybrids, SC 704 and SC 604, were evaluated in a randomized complete-block design with four replications at five locations in 1996 cropping season. Six hybrids with overall mean grain yield of 11.31 tha^-1 were selected by Kang"s method. Overall mean yield of selected hybrids by only yield (regardless of hybrid stability), yield plus environmental variance (or environmental coefficient of variation) and yield plus coefficient of regression and deviations from regression mean squares were 11.30, 11.16 and 11.31 tha^-1, respectively. Regard to the LSD%5 (=0.827), differences among overall mean yields or different selection creteria (different stability statistics) were not significant. It is concluded that when we use YS^I statistic, we can insure precise selection of the clutivar.

In this paper, a genetic algorithm is presented for the Simultaneous layout and pipe size optimization of water distribution networks and its efficiency is evaluated and compared using different selection mechanisms. An engineering concept of reliability is used, in which the number of independent paths from source nodes to each of the demand nodes is considered as a measure of reliability. The method starts with a predefined layout, which includes all possible links. The method is capable of designing a layout of predefined reliability, including tree-like and looped networks. It is shown that a layout optimization of a network, followed by size optimization, does not lead to an optimal or a near-optimal solution. This emphasizes the need for Simultaneous layout and size optimization of networks, if an optimal solution is desired. The performance of the method for layout optimization of pipe networks is tested against two benchmark examples in the literature and the results are presented.

The aim of this study was a strain-improvement program for Trichoderma reesei PTCC 5142 by using a combination of UV light and NTG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) for enhanced cellulase production. Following mutagenesis after several rounds, mutant A6: 2 was selected from a total of 6500 colonies. Results obtained after 4 days were: Enzyme activity 1.26 U/ml and 0.82 U/ml for exoglucanase and endoglucanase, respectively. The comparative results showed increased production exoglucanase and endoglucanase by mutant A6: 2 than Trichoderma reesei PTCC 5142 to amount 130% for exoglucanase and 156% for endoglucanase.

Multi-label classification aims at assigning more than one label to each instance. Many real-world multi-label classification tasks are high dimensional, leading to reduced performance of traditional classifiers. Feature selection is a common approach to tackle this issue by choosing prominent features. Multi-label feature selection is an NP-hard approach, and so far, some swarm intelligence-based strategies and have been proposed to find a near optimal solution within a reasonable time. In this paper, a hybrid intelligence algorithm based on the binary algorithm of particle swarm optimization and a novel local search strategy has been proposed to select a set of prominent features. To this aim, features are divided into two categories based on the extension rate and the relationship between the output and the local search strategy to increase the convergence speed. The first group features have more similarity to class and less similarity to other features, and the second is redundant and less relevant features. Accordingly, a local operator is added to the particle swarm optimization algorithm to reduce redundant features and keep relevant ones among each solution. The aim of this operator leads to enhance the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm compared to other algorithms presented in this field. Evaluation of the proposed solution and the proposed statistical test shows that the proposed approach improves different classification criteria of multi-label classification and outperforms other methods in most cases. Also in cases where achieving higher accuracy is more important than time, it is more appropriate to use this method.

The interaction of genotype × environment effect, because of disordering effect on genotypes selection has special importance in plant breeding programs. Therefore to better selection, yield and yield stability might be considered Simultaneously. In order to study of grain yield stability and the evaluation of different selection methods efficiency, 18 advanced barely lines were studied in four locations, Moghan, Gorgan, Gachsaran and Kohdasht, for three years during 2005 to 2007 growing seasons. The experimental design in all of the locations and years was a completely randomized block design with four replications. Results of three years yields in four locations showed that lines No.1 & 14 with 4256 and 4205 kg/ha and line No.6 with 3289 kg/ha produced the highest and lowest grain yield, respectively. Whereas control cultivar (LB) produced 3609 kg/ha grain yield. Using yield-stability (YSi) index, lines No.14, 1, 11, 2, 12, 5, 18, 15 and 9 were selected as stable lines with high yields, respectively. The line No.14 with YSi=19 and lines No.1 & 11 with YSi=18 were selected as the best lines. Whereas the control cultivar (LB) had YSi=-2. Also line No.10 was selected as the weakest line in yield and stability surveys. Mean comparing analysis among yield means of selected lines using four different selection procedures, showed no significant difference between them, but the order of selected lines was different in four methods. This could be important in the introduction of stable cultivars. Therefore due to higher emphasis of stability parameter in YSi calculating, YSi index is suitable and confidence for selection of high yielding and stable genotypes.